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          隐写术在CTF比赛中的应用之文本隐写
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        <p>title：隐写术在CTF比赛中的应用之文本隐写</p>
<p>date：2020-2-21 23:00</p>
<h1 id="文本隐写"><a href="#文本隐写" class="headerlink" title="文本隐写"></a>文本隐写</h1><h2 id="文本隐写术概述"><a href="#文本隐写术概述" class="headerlink" title="文本隐写术概述"></a>文本隐写术概述</h2><p><strong>文本隐写</strong>：基于<strong>文本载体</strong>的隐写术</p>
<p>隐写思路：改变文本模式或特征来嵌入信息，虽然会使文本产生一定的变化，但这种变化肉眼难以察觉</p>
<p>文本隐写的关键，也是文本隐写最难的地方在于<strong>文本文件几乎不存在</strong>数据冗余</p>
<p>图像、音频、视频文件中天生存在噪声，噪声中包含冗余数据，因此虽然文件结构复杂，但能够嵌入信息的部分就越多，嵌入信息越容易；文本文件虽然结构简单，但也因此整个文件都以编码的形式呈现出来，很难有多余的部分写入数据，嵌入信息要更加困难。</p>
<h2 id="文本隐写种类总结"><a href="#文本隐写种类总结" class="headerlink" title="文本隐写种类总结"></a>文本隐写种类总结</h2><p>文本隐写的方法主要可以分为以下四种：</p>
<h3 id="文档格式微调法："><a href="#文档格式微调法：" class="headerlink" title="文档格式微调法："></a>文档格式微调法：</h3><p>（行移、字移、修改字符颜色等）</p>
<ul>
<li><p>行移 ：指调整文本文件中的垂直行距来隐藏信息的方法<br>   比如，隐藏个二进制串，实现隐藏信息的嵌入。可在格式化的文本文档中对行移的间距进行设置。</p>
<pre><code>例子如下：</code></pre><p>   <img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330171229032.png" alt="image-20200330171229032"></p>
<p>   （间距微小，让人看不出来）</p>
<p>   打开一个文本文档查看行移设置方法：</p>
<p>   选中某行&gt;右击&gt;字体&gt;字符间距&gt;位置</p>
<p>   <img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330172139120.png" alt="image-20200330172139120"></p>
<p>   注意有个提升、8磅</p>
<p>   有换了一行选中如下</p>
<p>   <img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330172309550.png" alt="image-20200330172309550"></p>
<p>   注意为降低、8磅</p>
<p>   则按之前规定可在这两行读出了二进制1和0这两个数字</p>
</li>
<li><p>字移（也是文档格式微调法中常用方法）：字移是通过将某一行的字符进行水平移动来隐藏信息。<br>注：移动对象两端的对象不能移动<br>例子如：</p>
<p>  <img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330173214614.png" alt="image-20200330173214614">))</p>
</li>
<li><p>修改字符颜色：是指对文本中字符颜色的十六进制颜色码微调来嵌入信息，利用了人眼对RGB颜色的微小变化不易察觉的特点。</p>
<p>   计算机中每种颜色都对应着一个十六进制的颜色码。</p>
<p>   例：</p>
<p>   <img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330174134323.png" alt="image-20200330174134323"></p>
<h3 id="空格回车标点法："><a href="#空格回车标点法：" class="headerlink" title="空格回车标点法："></a>空格回车标点法：</h3><p>（添加空格和回车，添加标点符号）</p>
</li>
<li><p>添加空格和回车：基于空格和回车的隐写术是利用人类视觉系统对微小间隔不敏感的特点而设计的</p>
<p>与字移、行移等不同的地方在于，字移、行移等操作适用于利用格式化文档（如word)传递信息的过程，而对于纯文本文档（如txt)不能进行微调操作，这时可以考虑利用空格或是回车来隐藏信息。</p>
<p>与字移相比，字移引起的间隔往往是人类肉眼所捕捉不到的，但空格带来的间隔如果插入位置不当会引起怀疑（如汉语文字中汉字与汉字之间通常是没有间隔的，过多的间隔会引起注意，因此该方法通常适用于英文文本），因此插入位置的选择往往是该类隐写术的关键。</p>
</li>
<li><p>添加标点</p>
<p>两种思路：1）对标点符号的替换可以隐藏信息，如逗号代表“1”，句号代表“0”   2）对标点符号的改变也可以隐藏信息，如中文逗号（宋体）“，”和英文逗号“,”</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="字符特征法："><a href="#字符特征法：" class="headerlink" title="字符特征法："></a>字符特征法：</h3><p>（字体替换、汉字结构）</p>
<ul>
<li><p>字体替换</p>
<p>替换时可以以一个汉字、一个字母、一个单词或一个句子等为替换的基本单位，如下：</p>
<p><img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330175625185.png" alt="image-20200330175625185"></p>
</li>
<li><p>汉字结构</p>
<p>（对字符结构性要求较高）</p>
<p>如：<img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330175940202.png" alt="image-20200330175940202"></p>
<p>在word中调整间距实现拼接例子：</p>
<p>先输入”亻“和”二“&gt;选中&gt;右击&gt;字体&gt;字符间距&gt;间距&gt;紧缩&gt;调整磅值（找个合适的）</p>
<p>注意后面再输入别的汉字要进行调整，不然会默认也设置为紧缩型了  选中&gt;右击&gt;字体&gt;字符间距&gt;间距&gt;标准化</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="自然语言法："><a href="#自然语言法：" class="headerlink" title="自然语言法："></a>自然语言法：</h3><p>（同义词转换、句法变换）</p>
<ul>
<li><p>同义词替换：现实生活中我们想要需要一个词语来形容一件事物时，通常有多个词语可以表达出同样的含义，同义词替换的隐写方式就是针对这一特性来嵌入信息的。</p>
<p>绝对同义词和相对同义词：</p>
<p><img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330181128849.png" alt="image-20200330181128849"></p>
</li>
<li><p>句法变换：句法变换是利用句子改变语序、措辞、语气等不显著改变原意的方法来嵌入信息的，变换中以每个句子为一个单位，每个句子携带隐藏信息的容量与其等价句型数量有关。</p>
<p><img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330181439430.png" alt="image-20200330181439430"></p>
<p>其他变化包括宾语前置、谓语前置、定语后置等。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="文本隐写比较"><a href="#文本隐写比较" class="headerlink" title="文本隐写比较"></a>文本隐写比较</h2><p><img src="/2020/02/21/%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99%E6%9C%AF%E5%9C%A8CTF%E6%AF%94%E8%B5%9B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E9%9A%90%E5%86%99/image-20200330181652717.png" alt="image-20200330181652717"></p>

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